// JavaScript Document for definition tooltips

var resilience_eco = "Ecosystem resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain key functions and processes in the face of stresses or pressures by either resisting or adapting to change."

var resilience_bleach = "Resilience to bleaching is exhibited when coral colonies bleach and partially or entirely die, but the coral community recovers rapidly to its former state. This varies among different parts of a reef and among different reefs in the same complex."

var fecundity = "Fecundity refers to the potential reproductive capacity of an organism."

var connectivity = "Connectivity describes the extent to which populations in different parts of a species\’ range are linked by the exchange of eggs, larval recruits or other propagules, juveniles, or adults, as well as the ecological linkages associated with adjacent and distant habitats."

var resistance = "Resistance to bleaching is exhibited when coral colonies do not bleach, or bleach but don't die. Resistance may vary among different parts of a reef and between different reef communities."

var ecoregion = "An ecoregion is an area that contains a distinct assemblage of communities and species. The composition of an ecoregion is influenced by several small ecosystems and/or distinct oceanographic or topographic features including isolation, upwelling, nutrient inputs, freshwater, temperature regimes, ice regimes, sediments, currents, bathymetric or coastal complexity. (For example, within Central Polynesia, there are 3 ecoregions: Line Islands, Phoenix/Tokelau/Northern Cook Islands and Samoa Islands). Ecoregions can be used as planning units for marine conservation."

var biogeographic = "Biogeographic refers to the distribution of biodiversity over space. A biogeographic region is a geographic area with similar dominant plants, organisms and prevailing climate conditions."

var zone = "The MPA network can include zones that are designed for different levels of use and extraction. For example, within the MPA network, no-take zones can be strategically placed to prohibit harvest. Multiple-use MPA zoning, including no-take areas, provides a way to accommodate multiple uses (recreational fishing, commercial fishing, tourism, etc.) and balances the trade-offs between sustainable use and conservation."

var exposure = "Exposure describes the level of being exposed to physical forces such as high wave energy, wind, and strong currents. If an area is surrounded by islands with limited influence from waves, wind, and currents, its level of exposure is minimal."

var energy_regime = "Energy regime refers to the level of energy that characterizes a location. For example, a site on the leeward side of an island would have a lower energy regime because the influence of the wind on a daily basis is minimal."

var zooxanthellae = "Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae (in the dinoflagellate genus <em>Symbiodinium</em>) that live in the tissues of coral polyps and other host animals. The tiny photosynthetic organisms provide both nutrients and oxygen to the corals and other host animals in which they live."

var trophic = "Trophic structure refers to the relationship of an organism to other organisms in the context of a food web."

var refugia = "Refugia are secure areas that are protected by natural factors and/or human intervention from a variety of stresses. They are meant to function as reliable sources of seed over time."

var larval = "Pelagic larval duration refers to the amount of time the larvae spend in the open ocean before settlement on the reef."

var ocean_neigh = "Ocean neighborhood is the area centered on a set of parents that is large enough to retain most of the offspring of those parents."

var radiation = "Photosynthetically active radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation in the wavelengths &#955; = 400-700 nm (the visible wavelengths and the spectrum used by plants for photosynthesis) that is absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule."

var degree = "Degree  Heating Weeks is a combination of temperature anomalies and duration of  exposure to quantify the accumulated thermal stress in a particular region. One DHW is  equivalent to one week of sea surface temperature one degree Celsius warmer than the expected summer-time maximum."

var migration = "Many large marine animals (i.e., whales, predatory fish, turtles, etc.) follow set routes when they migrate (for feeding, nesting, birthing, or breeding purposes) from one area to another. These routes are referred to as migration corridors."

var proto_hermaph = "Protogynous hermaphrodites are species that initially mature and reproduce as females and subsequently alter their sex to reproduce as males. Groupers and wrasses, among other families, share this characteristic."

var gonochore = "A gonochore is a species in which two distinct sexes occur."

var self_recruitment = "Self recruitment level refers to the percent of larvae that return to the reef where they were spawned, or the proportion of young arriving into a local population that are products of local production."

var indicator = "An  indicator is a measured quantity that can describe a certain aspect of a  system. Changes in an indicator over  time may be a sign of changes in an ecosystem."

var recruitment_success = "Recruitment success refers to the number of fish larvae per amount of spawning fish biomass that successfully establish themselves on a reef and contribute as individuals to the fish population. Because most reef fishes release their eggs into the pelagic environment, the larvae are subjected to a number of factors such as: oceanographic currents, tides, food availability, and predation. These factors are wide-ranging and variable, and therefore the number of larvae that can successfully recruit back to a reef may differ significantly from year to year and even longer time frames."

var catch_quota = "A tool often employed by managers of large  commercial fisheries, intended to conserve the resource. A total allowable catch limit is set for a  fishing season, and when fishers reach this quota, the fishery is closed. This method can produce a negative effect on  the resource as fishers &ldquo;race&rdquo; to meet the quota, often using wasteful or  destructive methods to extract as many fish as quickly as possible. Intensive monitoring and enforcement is  required."

var marine_tenure = "Locally specified entitlements to marine territories and resources claimed and exercised by the &lsquo;guardians&rsquo; of those territories and resources (Hviding  1998)."

var polyp_dimorphism = "Polyp dimorphism refers to a coral colony which displays polyps of two different forms (i.e., color, size, number of tentacles, etc.)."

var intratent = "Intra-tentacular budding is a method of growth for corals. In this form, coral polyps divide by simple fission and each bud retains part of the original polyp."

var phylo = "Phylogenetic pertains to the evolutionary development of an organism."

var acclimatize = "Acclimatization refers to phenotypic changes by an organism to stresses in the natural environment that result in the readjustment of the organism\'s tolerance."

var source_area = "A source area is a habitat patch that tends to accept new individuals to the population, but produces few of its own. In general, a source area shows no net change in population size but is a net exporter of individuals (Cowen et al. 2000)."

var BOFFF = "BOFFF is the abbreviation for Big Old Fat Fertile Female. BOFFFs are more biologically valuable due to their age and  reproductive abilities, and removing them from the system is more detrimental  than removing younger, non-reproductive fish."

var gps = "GPS stands for global positioning system. It typically consists of a handheld or mounted electronic unit that receives signals from GPS satellites to determine its exact position on the earth in terms of latitude and longitude. The unit can also record and store your position, which is called a waypoint. This allows you to return to exactly the same location later or create a route map of where you have been when multiple waypoints are entered. Used in conjunction with a depth sounder, a GPS can help you map the bathymetry of the seafloor."

var symbiotic = "A close, prolonged association between two or more different organism of different species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member."

var cryptic = "Hidden or difficult to see."

var pheno_plasticity = "Phenotypic plasticity refers to non-genetic variation in organisms in response to environmental factors."

var spillover = "Spillover from an MPA accounts for two types of movements outside the MPA: (1) adults and juvenile animals swim into adjacent areas, and (2) young animals and eggs can drift out from the MPA into the surrounding waters."

var bioerosion = "Removal of material from the reef by biological processes."

var func_group = "A collection of species that perform similar function, irrespective of their taxonomic affinities."

var pH = "A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. pH provides an approximation of the concentration of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+)."

var microb = "An assemblage or population of microbes (Bacteria, Archaea, viruses, fungi and protists)."

var onto = "Ontogeny describes the origin and development of an organism from the fertilized egg to the mature form."

var demographic_conn = "Connectivity is much more than the biophysical coupling of larvae from reproductive populations to recruitment sites. To sustain and grow, populations require an unbroken nexus among reproductive populations called \'demographic connectivity\' (Steneck et al. 2009)."

var holo = "The holobiont is the collective community of coral host and its microbial symbionts." 

var comanagement = "Co-management is a process by which institutional arrangements and ecological knowledge are tested and revised in a dynamic, ongoing self-organized process of learning-by-doing (Folke et al. 2002). Through this process, different resource management bodies collaborate in order to reach a shared goal of managing resources." 

var agent = "The term disease causative agent usually refers to a living, biological organism that causes a disease."

var biotic = "Relating to, produced by, or caused by living organisms"

var abiotic = "Non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment"

var vector = "An organism that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host"

var virulence = "Ability to overcome defensive mechanisms; destructiveness"

var compens_mitigation = "Within the United States, mitigation is essentially a three part process.  If a proposed project will impact marine resources, Federal agencies first attempt to modify the proposal to avoid impacts.  If, after avoidance measures have been implemented, project-related impacts still exist, Federal agencies then attempt to minimize impacts.  Finally, if unavoidable impacts still exist after all attempts at avoidance and minimization, then the Federal agencies must replace the resource\'s lost functions and services through compensatory mitigation." 

var restoration = "The process of re-establishing, following degradation by human activities, a sustainable habitat or ecosystem with natural structure and functioning.  Restoration can accelerate recovery although this could lead to an alternative state" 

var rehabilitation = "The act of partially or fully replacing structural or functional characteristics of an ecosystem that have been diminished or lost, or the substitution of alternative qualities or characteristics than those originally present, with the provision that they have more social, economic or ecological value than existed in the disturbed or degraded state."

var remediation = "The act or process of remedying or repairing damage to an ecosystem."

var recovery = "Recovery implies that a system will return to a previous condition after being in a degraded or disrupted condition, one which is often interpreted as being in poor ecological health. Recovery may occur naturally but can be accelerated by human intervention, implying that recovery will occur in the system once the stressor is removed; it can be encouraged by or is the response to management actions. If recovery is truly successful, then the community established will be similar in species composition, population density and size and biomass structure to that previously present or present at a comparable site." 

var recoverability = "The ability of a habitat or community to remedy damage sustained as a result of an external factor. Recoverability depends on the stressor, the impacted species\/community and the temporal and spatial intensities of the stressor."

var mitigation = "The reduction or control of adverse environmental effects of a project, including restitution for any damage to the environment through replacement, restoration, or creation of habitat in one area to compensate for loss in another."