MPA managers should ask specific questions relating to management in order to help frame the measures of success and evaluate the effectiveness of their programs. Here are some examples:

• Have corals in the MPA fared better or worse than in adjacent monitoring sites and why, or why not?

• Have MPAs been correctly selected and designed to safeguard bleaching-resistant coral communities?

• Have protective actions been effectively implemented?

• Has the long-term productivity and value of the MPA increased or decreased?