R2 Toolkit

The Value of Coral Reefs

What are Threats to Reefs?

What is Bleaching?

What Causes bleaching?

Bleaching Impacts

Resources

Environmental Factors

Coral Factors

Cooling : Where to Look

Shading : Where to look

Screening : Where to look

Building Survivability

Principles of Resilience : 1

Principles of Resilience : 2

Principles of Resilience : 3

MPA Selection Process

Resilience Strategies

Resistant Communities

Measures and Monitoring

Alternative Protocols

Socioeconomic Impacts

Bleaching Protocol

Palau Case Study - Video

Playing Video and Audio Content

Measuring Success |Resources

Resources

REFERENCES

Bunce, L., P. Townsley, R. Pomeroy, and R. Pollnac. 2000. Socioeconomic manual for coral reef management, 2nd edition. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/reflib/smcrm/mcrm-000.html

Bunce, L. and R. Pomeroy. 2003. Socioeconomic monitoring guidelines for coastal managers in Southeast Asia: SOCMON Draft under final revision.
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrantsdocs/SocMonSEAsia.doc, 980 kb

Coles, S.L. 2001. Coral bleaching: what do we know and what can we do? Pages 25-35 in R.V. Salm and S.L. Coles, editors. Coral Bleaching and Marine Protected Areas: Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact Through MPA Design. Bishop Museum, May 29-31 2001, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. (download, .pdf, 96 kb)

English, S., C. Wilkinson, and V. Baker. 1997. Survey manual for tropical marine resources, 2nd edition. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.6

Margoluis, R., and N. Salafsky. 1998. Measures of success: designing, managing, and monitoring conservation and development projects. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Available here

McClanahan, T.R., N.A. Muthiga, and S. Mangi. 2001. Coral and algal changes after the 1998 coral bleaching: interaction with reef management and herbivores on Kenyan reefs. Coral Reefs 19(4): 380-391.

Pomeroy, R.S., J.E. Parks and L.M. Watson. 2003. How is your MPA doing? A guidebook: biophysical, socioeconomic, and governance indicators for the evaluation of management effectiveness. IUCN WCPA-Marine and WWF Management Effectiveness Initiative.
(download, .pdf, 3.5 MB)

Salafsky, N., R. Margoluis, and K. H. Redford. 2001. Adaptive management: a tool for conservation practitioners. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington, DC.
(HTML or download, .pdf, 1.8 MB)

WEB LINKS

Adaptive management tools:

http://www.fosonline.org/resources/Publications/AdapManHTML/adman_1.html

Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA):

http://www.coral.noaa.gov./

Australian Institute of Marine Science Long Term Monitoring Program:

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/reef-monitoring-index.html

Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity Program (CARICOMP):

http://www.ima.gov.tt/caricomp.htm

Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO):

http://www.cordio.org/

Foundations of Success:

http://fosonline.org/objectives1.cfm

Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program:

http://cramp.wcc.hawaii.edu/

Indicators for the Evaluation of Management Effectiveness

http://effectivempa.noaa.gov/docs/dguidebk.pdf

IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas - Marine/World Wildlife Fund - MPA Management Effectiveness Initiative:

http://effectivempa.noaa.gov

Modification to Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN). Abbreviated version of methods found in English, S., Wilkinson, C., and V. Baker. 1997. Survey manual for tropical marine resources, 2nd edition. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.
http://www.gcrmn.org/

http://www.gcrmn.org/

Monitoring protocol for coral bleaching soon to available on ReefBase:

http://www.wcmc.org.uk/data/database/reefbase.html

NOAA Coral Reef Watch:

http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/

ReefBase-summary bleaching report.form:

http://www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingreport/index.asp

Reef Check:

http://www.reefcheck.org

Socioeconomic assessments for coral reefs - practical guidelines:

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/reflib/smcrm/mcrm-000.html

Socioeconomic Monitoring for Southeast Asia - practical guidelines:

http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrantsdocs/SocMonSEAsia.doc

6 Detailed methods found in English, S., C. Wilkinson, and V. Baker. 1997. Survey manual for tropical marine resources, 2nd edition, published by Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. ISBN 333.952072013.